南方水稻黑条矮缩病研究进展

南方水稻黑条矮缩病是21世纪初在我国华南地区首先发现的经远距离迁飞性害虫白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera传播的一种新的水稻病毒病,在发现后的十多年间发生面积不断扩大,危害逐年加重,成为我国和越南及周边国家重要水稻病害。迄今,有关该病害的研究取得了显著进展,本文综述了该病害的发生历史、病原特征及致病机理、病毒传播及流行规律和测报及防控技术,以期为该病害的深入研究和持久控制提供参考。     

太行山南麓气象灾害风险区划——以河南省卫辉市为例

为充分了解卫辉市气象灾害的时空分布特征,揭示太行山南麓复杂地形与气象灾害分布间的关系,选取卫辉市1961—2014年各乡镇灾情、DEM、GDP、辖区内19个自动气象站的降水及风速数据等,利用层次分析法及主成分分析法构建冰雹、大风、暴雨和综合气象灾害风险评估指标体系,并依托ArcGIS绘制分辨率为30 m×30 m的灾害风险区划图。结果表明:卫辉市冰雹灾害风险较高的地区主要分布在2条冰雹移动路径上;大风灾害风险分布较分散,除狮豹头、汲水镇、后河镇、李源屯镇之外的乡镇均偏高;暴雨灾害风险集中在卫河、共产主义渠附近;安都、顿坊店、上乐村镇、孙杏村镇的综合气象灾害风险较高。该研究可以提高当地气象服务的针对性和指导性,为制订防灾减灾措施提供科学依据。     

Response to Hydrothermal Change of Tree Radial Growth since 1990s in the Southern Taihang Mountains in Hebei Province

On the basis of the relationship between tree ring width of Pinus tabulaeformis in the southern Taihang Mountains in Hebei Province and climate factors, such as mean temperature, mean maximum temperature, mean minimum temperature and precipitation, we find that tree-ring width correlates positively and significantly with mean and maximum temperature in March and Spring, and with minimum temperature in March, April, Spring and Autumn. The sampling tree radial growth responds sensitively to spring temperature change.     

黄淮南片小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成及其与品质的关系

为了解小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成与品质之间的关系,对177份黄淮南片地区小麦品种(系)的HMW-GS组成及其品质进行了检测。结果表明,177份材料在Glu-A1位点上有3种亚基类型(N、1、2*),在Glu-B1位点上有5种亚基类型(7+8、7+9、14+15、17+18、13+16),在Glu-D1位点上有3种亚基类型(2+12、5+10、5+12),1、14+15、5+10亚基的出现频率分别为73.45%、11.86%和48.02%。1、7+8、17+18、5+10亚基对蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、峰值曲线面积、峰高、SDS沉淀值、8min带高、8min曲线面积、形成时间、稳定时间都具有较大的正向效应。共检测到19种不同的亚基组合类型,其中1/7+8/5+10亚基组合的小麦品种(系)各项品质指标均较优,其次是1/7+8/2+12亚基组合品种(系),N/7+9/2+12和N/14+15/5+10亚基组合类型小麦的品质较差。     

实时荧光PCR检测转基因大豆外源基因的拷贝数

快捷、准确地检测转基因植物中外源基因的拷贝数,是转基因生物育种的重要研究内容,具有较大的应用前景。本研究以7个抗虫BT(Bacillus thuringiensis)和抗草甘膦EPSPS-G10转基因大豆事件为材料,以SYBR Green I为荧光染料,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法,根据PCR反应获得的Ct值与起始模板数的对数值存在线性反比关系这一原理,建立了相关性系数在0.99以上的模板定量标线。通过目的基因与内参基因——大豆肌动蛋白编码基因ACTIN的起始模板量比较,估算出各株系的目的基因拷贝数。数据显示,株系1、2、3和4的2个基因均为单拷贝,株系6的2个基因均有2个拷贝,株系5和7的2个基因的拷贝数为3。利用Southern印迹方法对材料1~4的拷贝数进行验证,结果表明,两者的检测结果基本一致,证明实时荧光PCR检测法是大豆外源基因拷贝数检测中快速有效的方法。实时荧光PCR高效快速检测基因拷贝数,对于大规模转基因株系的外源基因拷贝数检测应用具有重大意义。     

辣椒疮痂病、黑霉病、软腐病、病毒病、猝倒病和白绢病的识别与防治

介绍了辣椒疮痂病、黑霉病、软腐病、病毒病、猝倒病和白绢病的危害症状、发病特点,指出防治这些病害应在种植抗病品种的基础上,加强栽培管理,提高植株抗病能力,采用以铲除菌源和药剂保护为重点的综合防治措施。     

华南地区蛋鸭笼养关键技术措施

针对华南高温高湿的气候特点,从鸭舍与设备、品种选择、饲料营养需求以及育雏期管理、育成期管理和产蛋期管理等方面,对华南地区蛋鸭笼养的关键技术措施进行了综述.     

Climatic and edaphic conditions at eragrostis lehmanniana nees sites in Arizona,USA and the cape province,RSA and potential seeding sites in Southern Africa

Climatic and edaphic conditions at Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees sites in southeastern Arizona, USA were compared with those in the Cape Province, RSA to determine a range of conditions under which the species might be expected to establish and persist in southern Africa. Mean annual precipitation amounts and temperature extremes were highly variable where Lehmann lovegrass predominates, but in most summers precipitation accumulations ranged from 150–220 mm and temperature extremes ranged from 20–35°C in 30–40 days. Soils at Lehmann lovegrass sites in the Cape Province were more coarse textured and nutrient concentrations were usually less than at sites in southeastern Arizona; but trends in particle‐size distributions and measured chemical concentrations were generally equivalent. Climatic and edaphic conditions in central Botswana and northeastern Namibia generally range between those in southeastern Arizona and the Cape Province, RSA and we expect that seeded Lehmann lovegrass stands in these areas would enhance semi‐desert grassland productivity.     

Genetic transformation of loblolly pine using mature zygotic embryo explants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Introduction1Genetictransformationinconifershasthepotentialtoallowtheselectiveimprovementofindividualtraitsinelitecloneswhilestillmaintainingtheexistingcombinationofgenesresponsibleforthesuperiorphenotype(Charestetal.1991;Jamesetal.1996;Walteretal.1999).Atpresent,althoughconsiderableresearchefforthasbeendevotedtothegeneticengineeringofconiferspecies(Sederoffetal.1986;Bekkauoietal.1988,1990;Robertsonetal.1992;Bomminenietal.1993;Shinetal.1994;Klimaszewskaetal.1997),ithaslaggedbehindadvancesma…     

Impact of fixation/drying conditions on fixation rate, teachability and bioefficacy in CCA-C treated red pine and southern pine

Red pine (Pinus resinosia Ait) and southern pine (Pinus spp.) sapwood blocks were pressure treated with CCA-C at retention of 6.4, 2.0, 1.5 kgm^-3 followed by fixation using 11 post-treatment schedules ranging from 50–70 °C and 5 different relative humidity conditions. The effect of these post-treatment schedules on fixation rate, chemical leachability and decay resistant once were evaluated to better understand the effects of fixation/drying conditions on leachability and biodeterioration. Southern pine blocks fixes slightly slower than red pine. Fixation of CCA at high temperature high humidity, essential initially fixation at high humidity for fixation/drying schedules, resulted in lower leaching of chromium and arsenic elements than high temperature low humidity or initially fixation at the high temperature low humidity conditions. Copper leaching was indicated no significant difference under 11 fixation/drying conditions for both species. Weight losses for southern pine byChaetomium globosum was lower than red pine byGloeophyllom trabeum. There were some different capacities of decay resistance for both species under those post treatment conditions.